Why are certain antibiotics avoided during pregnancy?

Certain antibiotics are avoided during pregnancy primarily because of their potential teratogenic effects. Teratogens are substances that can cause developmental malformations or other harmful effects on a developing fetus. During the critical periods of organogenesis, which occurs in the first trimester, exposure to specific medications can lead to congenital anomalies, affecting the normal development of the fetus.

For example, antibiotics such as tetracycline can cause staining of a baby's teeth, while aminoglycosides have been associated with risks of hearing loss and kidney damage in neonates. Thus, healthcare providers must carefully weigh the risks and benefits of antibiotic use during pregnancy, opting for medications that are considered safer to minimize any potential harm to the fetal development.

This decision takes into account the significance of ensuring maternal health while simultaneously protecting the developing fetus, which can be particularly vulnerable during specific stages of pregnancy. This is why the correct response emphasizes the teratogenic effects linked with certain antibiotics.