Which adverse effect is associated with calcium-containing antacids?

Calcium-containing antacids are known to produce constipation as a common adverse effect. This is due to the fact that calcium can increase the smooth muscle tone in the intestines, leading to slower gastrointestinal transit time. When the body's natural functioning is altered in this way, it can result in hard stools and reduced bowel movements, making constipation a frequent complaint among individuals using these types of antacids.

While other options may represent some gastrointestinal disturbances, they are not typically associated with calcium-based antacids. For instance, diarrhea is more often linked to magnesium-containing antacids. Nausea can occur for various reasons that are not specifically related to the use of calcium-containing products. Similarly, headaches may happen for numerous reasons but do not have a direct connection to antacid usage. Thus, recognizing constipation as a critical adverse effect of calcium-containing antacids is essential for both patient education and management in clinical settings.