What role do "receptors" play in pharmacology?

In pharmacology, receptors play a critical role as they are specific proteins located on the surface of cells or within cells that bind to drugs (ligands), leading to various physiological effects. When a drug interacts with its corresponding receptor, it may activate or block the receptor's function, which can result in therapeutic effects or side effects within the body.

For instance, the binding of a drug to a receptor can initiate a cascade of biological responses, influencing processes such as cell signaling, gene expression, and metabolic pathways. This interaction is foundational for understanding how medications work, allowing for targeted therapies that can enhance efficacy and minimize adverse effects.

The concept of receptors underscores the importance of specificity in drug action and is crucial for drug development and therapeutic applications. Other options such as enzymes that metabolize drugs or providing structural support do not accurately represent the primary role of receptors in the context of pharmacology.