What medication is typically used to manage hyperemesis gravidarum?

Ondansetron is commonly used to manage hyperemesis gravidarum, which is a severe form of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. This medication is a selective serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist that works by blocking the actions of serotonin, which can trigger vomiting. It has gained widespread use because it effectively reduces nausea and vomiting in pregnant women and has a favorable safety profile, making it a preferred choice for managing symptoms of hyperemesis gravidarum.

Other medications may also be used in different treatment regimens or in combination with ondansetron, but ondansetron stands out because of its specific mechanism of action and effectiveness in this condition. While promethazine is an antihistamine that can alleviate nausea, and dexamethasone may be used in more severe cases as a corticosteroid, ondansetron is often the first line due to its targeted action. Metoclopramide, while useful for gastric motility issues and also has antiemetic properties, is less commonly preferred as a standalone treatment for hyperemesis gravidarum compared to ondansetron.