What mechanism does Cephalexin utilize to combat bacterial infections?

Cephalexin is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that effectively combats bacterial infections by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. The bacterial cell wall is crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of the bacterium; it protects against osmotic pressure and helps the cell maintain its shape. When cephalexin interferes with the synthesis of the cell wall, it prevents the bacteria from forming a strong barrier, leading to cell lysis and ultimately the death of the bacterial cell. This mechanism of action is particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria which rely heavily on their cell walls for survival.

Other mechanisms such as inhibiting DNA replication, inhibiting protein synthesis, or disrupting bacterial metabolism involve different antibiotic classes or agents and are not applicable to cephalexin. For instance, fluoroquinolones target DNA replication, while macrolides and tetracyclines are known for their ability to inhibit protein synthesis. Cephalexin's specific action on the cell wall distinguishes it within the antibiotic landscape.