What is the effect of alcohol on fetal development?

The correct answer highlights a significant concern regarding maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Alcohol can adversely affect fetal development and is linked to a spectrum of disorders known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). These disorders encompass a range of physical, behavioral, and learning problems that can occur in individuals whose mothers consumed alcohol during pregnancy. FASD can result in a variety of effects, such as growth deficiencies, facial abnormalities, and neurodevelopmental issues.

This answer emphasizes that no amount of alcohol consumption during pregnancy is known to be safe. In contrast, the idea of improvement in cognitive skills or enhancements in fetal growth does not align with the established research on alcohol epidemiology and its impact on fetal health. Similarly, increased birth weight is not a recognized effect of alcohol, as prenatal exposure typically leads to smaller birth sizes and can negatively impact overall health outcomes for the child. Understanding these implications is crucial for healthcare providers when advising expectant mothers on alcohol consumption and its potential risks.