How can systemic steroids affect pregnancy?

Systemic steroids can significantly influence various aspects of pregnancy, particularly concerning fetal growth and the immune response. When administered during pregnancy, systemic steroids such as corticosteroids can have several effects on both the mother and the developing fetus.

One primary concern is their potential impact on fetal growth. High doses or prolonged use of systemic steroids may lead to fetal growth restriction, affecting the overall development and health of the fetus. This is particularly relevant in situations where steroids are used to manage maternal health conditions, such as autoimmune disorders or asthma. The steroids act by altering normal hormonal balances and potentially influencing placental blood flow, which can in turn affect how nutrients and oxygen are delivered to the fetus.

In addition to their effects on growth, systemic steroids can also modulate the immune response of both the mother and the fetus. In pregnant individuals, immune tolerance is crucial to prevent the rejection of the fetus, which has genetic material from both the mother and the father. The use of systemic steroids can alter this immune tolerance, possibly leading to increased susceptibility to infections in both the mother and the fetus, or even complications in the pregnancy itself.

This understanding highlights the dual nature of how systemic steroids can affect pregnancy — influencing both fetal growth and immune response, which can have profound implications for maternal